worksheet 3D, due Monday, Sept 28th.

Chapter 3d, Nucleus and Genetic Code, worksheet/outline (page 75-83)
Directions: Read the chapter. As you are reading, take notes on the following questions and vocabulary words. You may also have notes or explanations of many of these in class. Please read for more than just the answers to this worksheet as additional details can give examples or make things more clear.

Nucleus –
Control center, stores the genes for _______________different proteins
See structure of a typical nucleus (figure 3-16)
Nuclear envelope –
Nucleoplasm –
Nucleopores –
Nucleoli –
Chromosome structure –
Human body cells have _______ pairs of chromosomes.
See structure of chromosome (figure 3-17)
Histone
Chromatin

The genetic code –
Information stored in a series of nitrogenous bases (ATCG)
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Triplet code – 3 nitrogenous bases specify one amino acid
Gene – all the triplets needed to produce ___________________________.
promoter
Protein Synthesis
When the gene is bound to ______________ the gene promoter can not be read.
Transcription
Messenger RNA –
Codon –
Stop codon –
See figure 3-18
Translation
Transfer RNA –
Anticodon –
The 5 steps of translation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A protein is a chain of at least ________ amino acids but typically contains about _____________ amino acids.
Mutation
Point mutation

Answer the concept check questions on page 80 (in your own words)
Then check your answers in the back of the book.

The Cell Life Cycle
Cell division –
DNA replication –
Mitosis –
Somatic cells –
Meiosis –
Interphase –
Apoptosis –
G1 phase –
S phase –
DNA polymerase –
G2 phase –
M phase –
See figure 3-20 and 3-21
Mitosis –
Cytokenesis –
4 stages of mitosis
1. Prophase –
Centrioles –
Centromere –
2. Metaphase –
Metaphase plate –
3. Anaphase –
Daughter chromosomes –
4. Telophase –
See figure 3-22

Cytokinesis –
Cleavage furrow

Cell Division and Cancer
Tumor –
Benign tumor –
Malignant tumor –
Primary tumor
Invasion
Metastasis
Cancer

Answer the concept check questions on page 83 (in your own words)
Then check your answers in the back of the book.

Cell diversity and Differentiation
If all somatic cells have the same genes, why do different types of have such different structure, function and appearance?
Differentiation—
Tissues –